The Logic "NAND" Gate
Definition
The Logic NAND Gate is a combination of the digital logic AND
gate with that of an inverter or NOT gate connected together in series. The NAND
(Not - AND) gate has an output that is normally at logic level "1"
and only goes "LOW" to logic level "0" when ALL of its inputs are at logic level "1". The Logic NAND Gate
is the reverse or "Complementary" form of the AND gate we have seen previously.
Logic NAND Gate Equivalence
The logic or Boolean expression given for a logic NAND gate is that for Logical Addition, which is the opposite to the AND gate, and which it performs on the complements of the inputs. The Boolean expression for a logic NAND gate is denoted by a single dot or full stop symbol, ( . ) with a line or Overline, ( ‾‾ ) over the expression to signify the NOT or logical negation of the NAND gate giving us the Boolean expression of: A.B = Q.
Then we can define the operation of a 2-input logic NAND gate as being:
"If either A or B are NOT true, then Q is true"
Transistor NAND Gate
A simple 2-input logic NAND gate can be constructed using RTL Resistor-transistor switches connected
together as shown below with the inputs connected directly to the transistor bases. Either transistor must be cut-off "OFF"
for an output at Q.
Logic NAND Gates are available using digital circuits to produce the desired logical function and
is given a symbol whose shape is that of a standard AND gate with a circle, sometimes called an "inversion bubble"
at its output to represent the NOT gate symbol with the logical operation of the NAND
gate given as.
The Digital Logic "NAND" Gate
2-input NAND Gate
| Symbol | Truth Table | |||
2-input NAND Gate
|
B | A | Q | |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Boolean Expression Q = A.B | Read as A AND B gives NOT Q | |||
3-input NAND Gate
| Symbol | Truth Table | |||
3-input NAND Gate
|
C | B | A | Q |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Boolean Expression Q = A.B.C | Read as A AND B AND C gives NOT Q | |||
As with the AND function seen previously, the NAND function can also have any number of individual inputs and commercial available NAND Gate i.c.´s are available in standard 2, 3, or 4 input types. If additional inputs are required, then the standard NAND gates can be cascaded together to provide more inputs for example.
A 4-input NAND Function
The Boolean Expression for this 4-input logic NAND gate will therefore be: Q = A.B.C.D
If the number of inputs required is an odd number of inputs any "unused" inputs can be
held HIGH by connecting them directly to the power supply using suitable "Pull-up" resistors.
The Logic NAND Gate function is sometimes known as the Sheffer Stroke Function
and is denoted by a vertical bar or upwards arrow operator, for example, A NAND B = A|B
or A↑B.
The "Universal" NAND Gate
The Logic NAND Gate is generally classed as a "Universal" gate because it
is one of the most commonly used logic gate types. NAND gates can also be used to
produce any other type of logic gate function, and in practice the NAND gate forms the
basis of most practical logic circuits. By connecting them together in various combinations the three basic gate
types of AND, OR and NOT function
can be formed using only NAND's, for example.
Various Logic Gates using only NAND Gates
As well as the three common types above, Ex-Or, Ex-Nor
and standard NOR gates can be formed using just individual NAND gates.
Commonly available logic NAND gate IC's include:
TTL Logic Types
|
CMOS Logic Types
|
Quad 2-input NAND Gate 7400
In the next tutorial about Digital Logic Gates, we will look at the digital logic
NOR Gate function as used in both TTL and
CMOS logic circuits as well as its Boolean Algebra definition and truth tables.
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